Dairy production line is one of the types of food production line, modern dairy/drink/wine/actual is the branch of the chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry production line convergence greatly.
Chemical is "sex" processing, and machining "deformation", equipment is relatively simple, into a production line of a punch all "tube jars", namely for reaction (pot) and process (tube), which is dairy engineering company's main job content. Used for conveying (pump), online processing (separation, homogeneous, sterilization), provide the reaction conditions (heat transfer) and packing machine, actually not to belong to this small dairy machinery industry, but universal equipment specialized retrofit.
Material:
For material and CIP process piping material need to conform to the requirements of the food-grade stainless steel, commonly used is:
AISI (American iron and steel industry association standard) 304 and 316 l. 304 l and 316 is also meet the requirements of the food, but generally it is difficult to buy. This may be related to domestic train of thought, or is the most fundamental and most cheap, either the most high-end, the most expensive in the middle of the whole don't ~ ~
Don't contact with the food of the stainless steel, such as platform, stents, bridge, power distribution cabinets, insulation shell and so on, can choose AISI202, AISI430.
304, 316 austenitic stainless steel is, in theory there is no magnetic, but because of mechanical processing may be on magnetic, so can't to magnetic as the only standard to judge "stainless steel". 202 micro magnetic only, although it is austenite, but corrosion resistance can not meet the food grade standards, 430 is a ferritic stainless steel, cannot be used for food contact surfaces, and can satisfy the requirement of the general production workshop moistureproof. I often say that "design is outstanding and compromise, rather than simple pile of advanced technology", the choice of material is also the reason why, as long as it's not concentrated acid smoke filled the air, with 316 l do insulation shell, support, platform is pointless.
Dairy production line is a complicated combination, not only need to use non-metallic materials (used for sealing), also for performance (requirements) impact is often required, to adopt the stainless steel metal materials, such as the locking ring inside the separator, homogenizer/high pressure pump plunger, check valve, etc. It is necessary to inform the pipe valve supply manufacturers material types and features, is likely to affect the sealing material, heat resistance, pressure, acid, alkali, oil corrosion) selection.
The pipe:
Pipeline is mainly divided into two categories: seamless steel pipe and welded steel pipe.
Seamless steel tube of expression for "x" diameter wall thickness, the optional, there are n many diameter also cooperate with n many wall thickness, length is the "ruler" uncertainty, when you order it needs to indicate: material (or standard), each pipe length, diameter and wall thickness, polishing, etc. The industry more than for steam pipe. When buying more weight, it is fair for both sides.
Seamless steel tube with the standard of Dn specification valve pipe fittings, so should be as close as possible to the standard model selection of the seamless steel tube in Dn specifications of the outside diameter (such as 32 with Dn25, 48 Dn40, 57 match (or 60, 76 Dn65, match Dn80 89, 108 Dn100, sent a few millimeters with welding and checking. Dn specifications will be on "hardware manual"), these are most likely to buy on the market of the specifications of the (seamless steel tube wall thickness don't walk with Dn pipes, that's too waste, need not to the theoretical calculation of flow choose special specifications of the pipe, poor won't have what effect a packet, pipe valve fittings manufacturers can not for you this project specializing in the production of a batch of ~ ~
Low pressure fluid welded pipes and galvanized steel pipe is a standard match the diameter and wall thickness (Dn) series, steel pipe length is 6 m, namely the "scale". Used for water industry, the water pipe. Because the outside diameter, wall thickness is fixed specifications, the weight of per unit length is fixed, so when buying more according to the number of meters, but also must pay attention to check whether the diameter and wall thickness is enough, or in terms of weight.
Commonly used "stainless steel welded steel pipe have a relatively simpler" specifications series "shape (or more), but there are multiple standard series at the same time, the domestic industry commonly used ISO (international standards committee for standardization) specifications (only GEA company use German standard), is actually" English standard ", that is on the basis of 1 inch (25.4 mm) diameter units, fixed standard wall thickness of the pipes. Food pipe polishing requirements are generally "inferior smooth mirror outside inside," not recommended "mirror", which is unfavorable for the protection of visual, certain particular applications can be used for heat transfer "pickling" outside the mirror inside, the outer surface is polishing. The length of the steel tube is the most common specifications is 6 meters, not special, is the default.
Commonly used in ISO standard food-grade welded stainless steel pipe diameter series low pressure fluid is:
3/4 inch -- 20 mm;
1 inch - 25 mm;
1 1/2 inches - 38 mm;
2 inches - 51 mm;
2 1/2 inch - 63 - mm;
3 inches - 76 - mm;
4 inches - 102 mm.
ISO standards no 1 1/4 inch (32 pipeline) and 3 and a half inch (89 pipe), design should pay attention to avoid, prevent is difficult to buy matching valve pipe fittings, and optimize procurement and spare parts.
Problems often include:
The so-called "points", about 1 inch into 8 portions, "4 in charge of" the 4/8 (1/2) inch specifications, "6 in charge of" the 6/8 inches specifications (3/4).
So-called Dn/nominal diameter, seen in low pressure fluid conveying with carbon steel welded pipes and galvanized pipe, the outer diameter and wall thickness of the series is completely fixed. But not is outside diameter or inner diameter, nominal diameter is a general term earlier (estimate and one of Britain's first mould standard), such as, weight, then used. The 1 inch in diameter on the unit, often say (tube, is actually "two inch tube".
Pipeline is English more, is undoubtedly the authority of the British empire, no embodies the ~ ~ established the United States is given priority to with the immigration, of course also continue to use and expand the application scope; And Germany, the Russian standards are often limited to domestic, early use of stainless steel pipe industry (such as the old equipment 40, 50, cold drawn stainless steel tube) was according to the seamless pipe specification (is thought tube can only be used as decorative tube, because the welding quality is poor), but due to technical progress and general use of imported equipment, ISO format into the mainstream.
Common process valve pipe fittings:
1. The butterfly valve
Butterfly valve switch is quick and easy, there was a rough adjustment effect (but not for the adjustment of the real situation), good health, is the most common dairy production line valve.
Handle is important to remember when the valve is installed with the valve plate direction, vertical direction is close, and the pipe to be open.
More intensive installed valve group, must pay attention to the valve handle space don't interfere with.
2. The ball valve
Food production line of the process piping is not recommended with a ball valve, because its in open, ball and shell interface is not clean. If you must use, should choose size removable type 2 or 3 chip health ball valve, common "tube" type ball valve should be forbidden for material pipe (water generally and, of course, doesn't matter ~ ~). When the ball valve fully open, there is no resistance, switch is relatively easy but it also can adjust flow roughly.
3. Plug valves
Old production line is common, but because of the valve core and shell grinding, flaky, sealed at the bottom of the existing cleaning corner, bottom through must remove the cleaning, now rarely used.
When using three-way ball valve or cocks, pay attention to the valve handle direction for block, while the other three directions for circulation.
4. Check valve/check valve
Check valve generally has two kinds of spring type, spherical.
Spring type check valve are through, to overcome the spring force, through the gaps in the valve plate and shell material, reverse will push tightly sealed valve plate and interface, have never expected.
Ball check valves are divided into two kinds, one kind is straight type, an interface, an interface is small, the inside of the ball diameter is somewhere in between, is when the ball can be top to gulp, blocked off the little mouth can't reverse the ball across the material; Is a kind of Y type, is when the ball is to Y branch, reverse when the ball is to small mouth.
Because the internal structure is quite complex, the check valve should be avoided for pipe material, must be used, should install slipknot before and after, to remove the cleaning.
Now use the spring type check valve, because the ball of ball check unavoidable and interface abrasive wear, use after period of time is higher, the leakage law for the material of the ball, the machining precision and the valve outlet accuracy requirement is very high, and the spring type axial friction, only the valve plate and outlet only wear can rely on the spring force complement, slightly lower for material quality, accuracy, service life is longer.
In fact, Y type ball check valve fluid of least resistance, almost negligible, spring type check valves must be strictly control the number of series, a pipeline is only one best, up to 2, otherwise must increase pump lift.
On CIP return pipe, don't want to install the check valve is not in the end of the branch pipe, the position often in mid-air, installation and maintenance is very inconvenient, and since inconvenient installation, the installation error might be larger, often influence the seal of the check valve.
Check valve before and after the best there is a "no straight section of pipe fittings", to make steady fluid flows, for resistance, longevity, closeness is good.
5. Seat valve
Although a lot of pneumatic valve is a valve automatic production lines, to achieve a variety of ways of distribution, but I do not recommend using manual seat valve (adjustment occasions recommended) is used to switch places.
The simplest L seat valve is actually a kind of stop valve, by the rotation of the handle lift/lower valve plate, increase/decrease circulation area, to handle mechanism, valve plate and valve seat specialization reform, is the regulating valve. The rest of the model T, F type and so on are often used to switch between multiple pipelines.
To use manual seat valve switch operation, operation not only slow, rotating the handle and often difficult to confirm whether it had "completely" open or close, so often cause failure or even string of accidents. Pneumatic valve is cylinder to push the valve stem, move quickly, also can be installed at the top of the control unit to monitor the valve stem position, there is no this concern.
Seat valve resistance is bigger, not recommended for high pressure, viscous material pipe, if multiple seat valve series, the... Pray god bless you pump ~ ~
6. The relief valve/pressure relief valve/back pressure valve
The principle of the three is almost the same, are in advance by spring or compressed air force, through the cylinder/cavity effect, "preset" a resistance to the fluid, when material overcome this force, through/drainage, to ensure that the basic stability of the pipe inner pressure. These three valve is relatively rare, too lazy to talk nonsense.
7. Slipknot
Slipknot divided into thread head (or called a third slipknot), flat head, threaded sleeve (the two together can call two-thirds slipknot) and a sealing ring, for special occasions to pipeline removal. In order to save costs in just use a third slipknot, such as distribution of tubesheet joint) or two-thirds slipknot (this is very rare, unless the device manufacturer did not complete a full set of interface slip) occasions, when you order it should be noted, otherwise you left that half in addition to expanding the domestic demand also ~ ~ no dice
Health type slipknot should be butt welding interface, rather than the old plug welding, should be round thread, avoid finger cut workers, pollution materials at the same time.
Across the slipknot should be kept the same format (such as SMS specification), may be a slipknot specifications of special equipment, not to give it a matching messing purchase department, cut down, and welding standard come on ~ ~ of course, the best in equipment and instrumentation with order requirements, "slipknot/health of each interface must match the whole chuck", some manufacturers such as the price is too high at this time, simply set the welding interface, the arrival of the goods after their welding slipknot.
Even health slipknot, is also a possible contamination, so should avoid using too much, meet the maintenance requirements. Some old concepts often want to "flexible" removal, for modern large and medium-sized production line, the flexible deformation often? Is the new production line will consider relocation requirements? Ha ha ~ ~ and old ideas often want to "remove the cleaning", but the CIP system is the large and medium-sized production line standard, unreasonable unless production line design, installation is unqualified, would "unpick and wash" ~ ~ even if have the habit of unpick and wash once a month, also need not the line into "parts" ~ ~
Necessary slipknot, of course, still have to pack, the following situations require slipknot:
1. The device interface, including tank each interface;
2. Close the installation of valve, valve array total interface;
3. The important and high value, the valve to be unpick and wash, on-line instrument interface;
4. Distribution of tubesheet joint.
Other occasions, shall not be installed slipknot, so while selecting a valve pipe fittings, also should all choose "welding interface" valve pipe fittings, welding slipknot alone again when you need. The welding welding, not cut corners; Should not be welding, welding, waste is ignorance, the former is a moral issue, which is a technical problem.
Chuck is commonly used medicine production line instead of slipknot, health a bit better, but the shortcomings are obvious: remove the more troublesome, don't seem to be manual butterfly nut tighten, actual due to installation error often need to use tools; Removed easily lost; Often need two people operating (one person to the pipeline, a tightening), and only one person to slipknot; A locking firmly is poorer, especially large diameter.
8. Variable diameter/reducer
Unfavorable use "concentric reducer", seems to be beautiful, but when used for horizontal loading, pipe material stock will cause the big end, vertical pack although there is no this problem, but why purchasing two specifications of variable diameter? One thousand eccentric not enough use, concentric cannot replace, conversely, will choose so good ~ ~ "eccentric reducer"
Standard variable diameter are two adjacent level diameter (such as 38/51 ploidy / 63), when used advanced placement, had better use two variable diameter welding, to maintain the entire production line/engineering generality, if jumped 2 two level, might not be beautiful (actually who purposely to see ah, ha ha ~ ~), need to customize, ordering cycle will be longer.
9.
The three links
Because of the branch are likely to be welding butterfly valve, in order to reduce the cleaning dead Angle, should use "short" neck tee. Recommend all procurement "size short neck" three links, to reduce additional variable diameter, branch pipe diameter and this pipe has good generality. For cleaning requirements must adopt "reducing short neck" (narrow) among variable diameter, must be specifically pointed out that processing customized, and extra care.
In some special occasions, may need to transform the standard tee party meets the requirements, so can't be "standardised" completely trapped, optimizing reconstruction, but should be conducted on standard tee.
10. Bend
Common food grade stainless steel bend radius of curvature is often between 1.2 ~ 1.5 D, the manufacturer may be slightly different.
When the inspection can pay attention to the roundness of the interface and four elbow paints a complete circle.
Because food grade pipe pipe fittings are in mirror polishing, the small pipe friction resistance is negligible, in addition to the pipeline caused by high gravity, fluid resistance are mainly concentrated in the valve and the elbow. When meeting viscous, high pressure, common right Angle bend is resistance is bigger, may also cause pipeline vibration, should be customized large curvature radius of elbow, such as 3 ~ 5 d, 8 ~ 10 d.
If need to the 90 degree Angle, dosage is small, scattered, direct transformation standard 90 - degree Angle.
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